Annual Surveys of Journalism and Mass Communication

Socialization as a Determinant of Occupational Commitment: Do High School and College Activites Matter?

Wilson Lowrey

Abstract

Commitment to the occupation of journalism has been declining over the past 20 to 30 years. Studies show that a relatively small and decreasing number of journalists plan to retire in the field (Becker, et al., 2001; Voakes, 1997; Weaver and Wilhoit, 1996). The percent of journalists saying they planned to leave the field nearly doubled from 1971 to 1982, and then nearly doubled again in 1992, as over one-fifth of journalists reported they were likely to change careers (Weaver and Wilhoit, 1996).

Commitment levels have been especially low among those who have recently entered the field (Becker, et al., 2001; Voakes, 1997; Johnstone, Slawski and Bowman, 1976). Recent surveys of journalism and mass communication school graduates show commitment to chosen occupation hovering around 20 percent over the last few years (Becker, et al., 2001). While studies have shown that longevity in the field increases commitment, many are leaving the field before longevity becomes a factor.

What are the salient factors causing those new to journalism to drop out? This study focuses on recent entrants into the field of journalism to see if pre-college and college experiences with journalism – e.g., involvement in journalism activities and classes and early socialization to the field – have an impact on later level of occupational commitment. Factors that are specific to journalists' work places are also examined.

Lowrey, W. (2001, August). Socialization as a determinant of occupational commitment: do high school and college activities matter? This paper was presented at the conference of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication in Washington, D.C.